Labarai

Ka'idar stethoscope

Yawanci ya ƙunshi kan auscultation, bututun jagorar sauti, da ƙugiya na kunne. Yi (yawanci) haɓaka sautin da ba na layi ba.

Ka'idar stethoscope ita ce watsawar girgiza tsakanin abubuwa suna shiga cikin fim din aluminum a cikin stethoscope, kuma iska kadai ta canza mita da tsayin sauti, ta kai ga kewayon "mai dadi" na kunnen mutum, kuma a lokaci guda. kare sauran sautunan da kuma "ji" karin haske. Dalilin da ya sa mutane ke jin sauti shine abin da ake kira "sauti" yana nufin girgiza juna na abubuwa, kamar iska mai girgiza membrane tympanic a cikin kunnen mutum, wanda ke juyewa zuwa igiyoyin kwakwalwa, kuma mutane na iya "ji" sauti. Mitar girgiza da kunnuwan mutum ke iya ji shine 20-20KHZ.

Akwai wani ma'auni na fahimtar ɗan adam game da sauti, wanda shine ƙara, wanda ke da alaƙa da tsayin igiya. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ji na ɗan adam na yau da kullun shine 0dB-140dB. A wasu kalmomi: sautin da ke cikin kewayon sauti yana da ƙarfi da rauni don ji, kuma sautin da ke cikin kewayon ƙarar ya yi ƙanƙanta (ƙananan raƙuman mitar mitar) ko girma (maɗaukakin raƙuman mitar) don ji.

Sautin da mutane ke ji kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli. Kunnen mutum yana da tasirin kariya, wato, sauti mai ƙarfi zai iya rufe sautin rauni. Sautin da ke cikin jikin mutum, kamar bugun zuciya, sautin hanji, jika, da dai sauransu, har ma da sautin jini ba a “ji” sosai saboda sautin ya yi kasa sosai ko kuma sautin ya yi kasa sosai, ko kuma ya rufe. ta yanayin hayaniya.

Yayin motsa zuciya, na'urar kunne ta membrane na iya sauraron sauti mai girma da kyau, kuma nau'in kullin nau'in kofin ya dace da sauraron ƙaramar sauti ko gunaguni. Stethoscopes na zamani duk stethoscopes masu gefe biyu ne. Akwai nau'ikan membrane da nau'in kofi akan kan auscultation. Juyawa tsakanin su biyun kawai yana buƙatar jujjuya shi da 180°. Masana sun ba da shawarar cewa likitocin asibiti suyi amfani da stethoscopes masu gefe biyu. Akwai wata fasaha ta haƙƙin mallaka mai suna fasahar floating membrane. Za a iya canza shugaban auscultation na membrane zuwa kan kunne na nau'in kofi ta hanya ta musamman don sauraron ƙaramar ƙararrawa. Sautunan huhu na al'ada da mara kyau duka sauti ne masu tsayi, kuma kunnen membrane kawai za'a iya amfani da shi don tsinkayar huhu.

Nau'in stethoscopes

Acoustic stethoscope

Acoustic stethoscope shine farkon stethoscope, kuma shima kayan aikin bincike ne na likitanci wanda ya saba da yawancin mutane. Irin wannan stethoscope alama ce ta likita, kuma likita yana sanya shi a wuyansa kowace rana. Acoustic stethoscopes an fi amfani da su.

Electronic stethoscope

Na'urar stethoscope na lantarki yana amfani da fasahar lantarki don ƙara sautin jiki kuma yana shawo kan babban amo na acoustic stethoscope. Na'urar stethoscope na lantarki yana buƙatar canza siginar lantarki na sautin zuwa igiyar sauti, wanda aka haɓaka kuma ana sarrafa shi don samun mafi kyawun sauraro. Idan aka kwatanta da acoustic stethoscopes, duk sun dogara ne akan ka'idodin jiki iri ɗaya. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da stethoscope na lantarki tare da shirin auscultation na taimakon kwamfuta don bincikar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da aka yi rikodin ko gunaguni na zuciya mara laifi.

Hoton stethoscope

Wasu stethoscopes na lantarki an sanye su da fitarwar sauti kai tsaye, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don haɗawa da na'urar rikodi na waje, kamar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko na'urar rikodin MP3. Ajiye waɗannan sautunan kuma saurari sautunan da aka yi rikodi a baya ta na'urar kai ta stethoscope. Likita na iya yin ƙarin bincike mai zurfi har ma da ganewar asali.

Fetal Stethoscope

A gaskiya ma, stethoscope na tayin ko girman tayin shima wani nau'in stethoscope ne, amma ya zarce na'urar acoustic na yau da kullun. Stethoscope tayi tana iya jin muryar tayi a cikin cikin mace mai ciki. Yana da matukar amfani ga kulawar jinya a lokacin daukar ciki.

Doppler stethoscope

Doppler stethoscope na'urar lantarki ce da ke auna tasirin Doppler na raƙuman ruwa na ultrasonic daga gabobin jiki. Ana gano motsi kamar yadda canjin mitar ya canza saboda tasirin Doppler, yana nuna kalaman. Don haka, Doppler stethoscope ya dace musamman don sarrafa abubuwa masu motsi, kamar bugun zuciya.